12. If you want to be left alone on an elevator, the best thing to do is ____...

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12.        If you want to be left alone on an elevator, the best thing to do is _____.
a.        to look into another passenger’s eyes
b.        to avoid eye contact with other passengers
c.        to signal you are not a threat to anyone
d.        to keep a distance from other passengers
13.        By “a dimming of the lights” (Para. 1) Erving Coffman means “____.”
  a. closing one’s eyes                                b. turning off the lights
  c. ceasing to glance at others
  d. reducing gaze-time to the minimum
14.        If one is looked at by a stranger for too long, he tends to feel _____.
a. depressed                        b. uneasy                c. curious                d. amused
15.        The passage mainly discusses ______.
a.        the limitations of eye contact
b.        the exchange of ideas through eye contact
c.        proper behavior in different situations
d.        the role of eye contact in interpersonal communication
Passage 2
        The picnics, speeches, and parades of today’s Labor Day were all part of the first celebration, held in New York City in 1882.  Its promoter was an Irish-American labor leader named Peter J. McGuire.  A carpenter by trade, McGuire had worked since the age of eleven, and in 1882 was president of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners (UBCJ).  Approaching the City’s Central Labor Union that summer, he proposed a holiday that would applaud “the industrial spirit – the great vital force of every nation”.  On September 5 his suggestion born fruit, as an estimated 10,000 workers, many of them ignoring their bosses’ warnings, left work to march from Union Square up Fifth Avenue to 42nd Street.  The event gained national attention, and by 1893 thirty states had made Labor Day an annual holiday.
        The quick adoption of the scheme may have indicated less about the state lawmakers’ respect for working people than about a fear of risking their anger.  In the 1880s the United States was a land sharply divided between the immensely wealthy and the very poor.  Henry George was accurate in describing the era as one of “progress and poverty.” In a society in which factory, owners rode in private Pullmans while ten-year-olds slaved in the mines, strong anti-capitalist feelings ran high.  Demands for fundamental change were common throughout the labor press.  With socialist demanding an end to “wage slavery” and anarchists singing the praises of the virtues dynamite, middle-of-the-roaders like Samuel Gompers  and McGuire seemed attractively mild by comparison.  One can imagine practical capitalists seeing Labor Day as a bargain: A one-day party certainly cost them less than paying their workers decent wages.
16.        Judging from the passage, McGuire was ______.
a.        a moderate labor leader
b.        an extreme anarchist in the labor movement
c.        a devoted socialist fighting against exploitation of man by man
d.        a firm anti-capitalist demanding the elimination of wage slavery
17.        We can see from the first paragraph that the first Labor Day march _______.
a.        immediately won nationwide support
b.        involved workers from 30 states
c.        was opposed by many factory owners
d.        was organized by the UBCJ
18.        Which of the following is the key factor in the immediate approval of Labor Day as a national holiday?
a.        The lawmakers’ respect for the workers.
b.        The workers’ determination to have a holiday of their own.
c.        The socialists’ demands for thorough reform.
d.        The politicians’ fear of the workers’ anger.
19.        We learn from the passage that the establishment of Labor Day ______.
a.        was accepted by most bosses as a compromise
b.        marked a turning point in the workers’ struggle for more rights
c.        indicated the improvement of the workers’ welfare
d.        signaled the end of “wage slavery”
20.        McGuire proposed Labor Day in order to ______.
a.        draw people’s attention to the striking contrast between the rich and the poor
b.        make prominent the important role of the working class in society
c.        win for the workers the right to shorter working hours
d.        expose the exploitation of the workers by their bosses
Passage 3
        In the old days, children were familiar with birth and death as part of life.  This is perhaps the first generation of American youngsters who have never been close by during the birth of a baby and have never experienced the death of a family member.
        Nowadays when people grow old, we often send them to nursing homes.  When they get sick, we transfer them to a hospital, where children are forbidden to visit terminally ill patients—even when those patients are their parents.  This deprives the dying patient of significant family members during the last few days of his life and it deprives the children of an experience of death, which is an important learning experience.
        Some of my colleagues and I once interviewed and followed approximately 500 terminally ill patients in order to find out what they could teach us and how we could be of more benefit, not just to them but to the members of their families as well.  We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious illness were quite aware of its potential outcome.
        It is important for family members, and doctors and nurses to understand these patient’s communications in order to truly understand their needs, fears, and fantasies.  Most of our patients welcomed another human being with whom they could talk openly, honestly, and frankly about their trouble.  Many of them shared with us their tremendous need to be informed, to be kept up-to-date on their medical condition, and to be told when the end was near.  We found out that patients who had been dealt with openly and frankly were better able to cope with the ap