一、阅读理解（共 4 道试题，共 40 分。）V 1. The resources of the library can be helpful even when we are doing something very informal, such as trying to devise a better way to measure attitudes toward music or looking for a better way to teach mathematics. The library can be equally helpful when we are doing something very formal, such as writing a dissertation (学位论文) or preparing an article for publication in a professional journal. In either case, our goal should be to use the library as a useful tool to help us understand and solve our problem.
The following sections of this chapter will describe specific resources available in many libraries. In some cases you may already be aware of a resource and may use it frequently and successfully. In other cases you may be completely unfamiliar with a resource. Your goal should be to become aware of what is available and to know how to use each of these resources to help you solve the problem they are designed to solve.
When educators have a piece of information that they want to share with their colleagues, they often make this information available in professional journals or at professional meetings. It would often be useful to have access to such information, and this chapter will describe the special services that enable us to locate such information.
1). The library resources can be helpful when we _______.
A. want to find a better way to measure attitudes toward music
B. are preparing a paper for a professional journal
C. are writing a dissertation
D. All of the above
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2). The familiarity of readers with different resources _______.
A. is more or less the same
B. varies slightly
C. differs greatly
D. should not be different
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3). The author believes that _______.
A. library resources should be used frequently and completely
B. library resources cannot be made good use of if they are not available to us
C. one is supposed to be aware of the library resources that are usually not available
D. one is supposed to have good knowledge and make good use of resources
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4). When educators wish to share some information with their colleagues, they often _______.
A. publish it in a professional journal
B. attend professional meetings
C. get access to it in the library
D. make use of some library services
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5). The chapter in question _______.
A. mainly deals with the ways of dissertation writing
B. presents information on publishing papers in professional journals
C. introduces some library services
D. describes some professional meetings
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2. When Mrs. Joseph Groeger died recently in Vienna, Austria, people asked the obvious, “Why did she live to be 107?” Answers were provided by a survey conducted among 148 Viennese men and women who had reached the age of 100. Somewhat surprising was the fact that the majority had lived most of their lives in cities. In spite of the city’s image as an unhealthy place, city living often provides benefits that county living can lack. One factor seems to be important to the longevity (长寿) of those interviewed.
This factor is exercise. In the cities it is often faster to walk short distances than to wait for a bus. Even taking public transportation often requires some walking. Smaller apartment houses have no elevators (电梯), and so people must climb stairs. City people can usually walk to local supermarkets. Since parking spaces are hard to find, there is often no alternative to walking.
On the other hand, those who live in the country and suburbs do not have to walk every day. In fact, the opposite is often true. To go to school, work, or almost anywhere else, they must ride in cars.
1). The Vienna survey may help to explain _______.
A. the complaints of people in apartment houses
B. the cause of Mrs. Groeger’s death
C. the longevity of people like Mrs. Groeger
D. the image of cities in general
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2). The purpose of the second paragraph is to list some _______.
A. benefits of walking
B. occasions for walking in city life
C. comments made by city people
D. problems of city living
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3). To reach the third floor of a building, it would probably be most healthful ____.
A. to take the elevator
B. to walk up the stairs
C. to ride in a car
D. to find an alternative to walking
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4). People who live in the country probably do more driving than walking because _______.
A. they don’t live near business areas
B. they don’t need the exercise
C. they never have parking problems
D. they can’t afford to take the bus
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5). A conclusion that can be drawn from this passage is that _______.
A. air pollution is not serious
B. anyone can live to be 107
C. country people should move to the city
D. walking is a healthful exercise
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3. Soldiers and other military people wear uniforms with various other symbols to indicate their status. But in the business world everyone wears more or less similar suits, and you cannot tell at a glance who ranks higher or lower than another. So how do people in the business world show their superiority?
An attempt to study this was made by two researchers using a series of silent films. They had two actors play the parts of an executive (经理) and a visitor, and switch roles each time. The scene had one man at his desk playing the part of an executive, while the other, playing the part of a visitor, knocks at the door, opens it and approaches the desk to discuss some business matter. The audience watching the films was asked to rate the executive and the visitor in terms of status. A certain set of rules about status began to emerge from the ratings. The visitor showed the least amount of status when he stopped just inside the door to talk across the room to the seated man. He was considered to have more status when he walked halfway up to the desk, and he had the most status when he walked directly up to the desk and stood right in front of the seated executive.
Another thing that affected the status of the visitor in the eyes of the observers was the time between knocking and entering. For the seated executive, his status was also affected by the time between hearing the knock and answering. The quicker the visitor entered the room, the more status he had. The longer the executive took to answer, the more status he had.
1). The experiment designed by the two researchers aimed at finding out ________ .
A. how business is conducted by an executive and a visitor
B. how to tell the differences between an executive and a visitor
C. how to tell businessmen at a glance
D. how businessmen indicate status
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2). Which of the statements can best sum up the passage?
A. The executive has a higher status than the visitor.
B. Military people wear uniforms but the businessmen do not.
C. A study revealing a set of rules about the status of businessmen.
D. It is a good method to use a series of silent film in research.
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3). Having entered the room, the closer the visitor approaches the executive, _________ .
A. the less it affected his status
B. the lower his status
C. the more it affected his status
D. the higher his status
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4). The longer the seated man was in answering the knock, _________ .
A. the higher his status
B. the less it affected his status
C. the lower his status
D. the more it affected his status
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5). Which statement is NOT true?
A. Soldiers wear uniforms with various symbols so that one can tell their status at a glance.
B. In the experiment, one actor played the executive while the other played the seated man.
C. Business people wear similar suits.
D. The audience watching the film rated the executive and the visitor in terms of status.
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4. Although the United States covers so much land and the land produces far more food than the present population needs, its people are by now almost entirely and urban society. Less than a tenth of the people are engaged in agriculture and forestry (林业) , and most of the rest live in or around towns, small and large. Here the traditional picture is changing: every small town may still be very like other small towns, and the typical small town may represent a widely accepted view of the country, but most Americans do not live in small towns any more. Half the population now lives in some thirty metropolitan areas (large cities with their suburbs) of more than a million people each ---- a larger proportion than in Germany or England, let alone France. The statistics (统计) of urban and rural population should be treated with caution because so many people who live in areas classified as rural travel by car to work in a nearby town each day. As the rush to live out of town continues, rural areas within reach of towns are gradually filled with houses, so that it is hard to say at what moment a piece of country becomes a suburb. But most and more the typical American lives in a metropolitan rather than a small town environment.
1). If now America has 250 million people, how many of them are engaged in agriculture and forestry?
A. About 25 million.
B. More than 25 million.
C. Less than 25 million.
D. Less than 225 million.
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2). Which of the following four countries has the smallest proportion of people living in metropolitan areas?
A. United States.
B. Germany.
C. France.
D. England.
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3). What’s the meaning of the word “metropolitan” in the middle of the passage?
A. Of a large city with its suburbs.
B. Of small and large towns.
C. Of urban areas.
D. Of rural areas.
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4). According to the passage, what can we learn about small towns in the United States?
A. Most small towns become gradually crowded.
B. Small towns are still similar to each other.
C. As the traditional picture is changing, towns are different.
D. Small towns are turning into large cities.
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5). Why is it hard to say when a piece of country becomes a suburb?
A. Because they are the same.
B. Because the rush takes place too quickly.
C. Because the process is gradual.
D. Because more and more Americans live in metropolitan areas.
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